Avante Journal of Social Sciences and Humanities

Diversity and Society: Research that Enriches Social Understanding

Miguel Ángel Gutierrez — 2024-12-30

Research in social sciences and humanities plays a fundamental role in understanding and transforming society. This editorial highlights the importance of knowledge production in complex and interconnected contexts, addressing contemporary challenges such as inequality, climate change, and the democratization of knowledge. It emphasizes the ethical commitment of research, the training of new researchers, and the need for accessible dissemination of knowledge. Additionally, it underscores the urgency of overcoming obstacles such as limited funding and pressure for immediate results. Ultimately, science must be recognized as a public good, fostering more critical, informed, and just societies.

What is complex thinking for in everyday life?

Fabian Andrey Zarta Rojas — 2024-12-30

This article aims to consider some aspects of complex thinking and its connection with everyday life, trying to explain how this approach that seems distant and so academic to the average person could be practiced. Likewise, we will try to provide a voice of encouragement for professionals and researchers who are taking their first step towards this field, method and project. The epistemic approach from which this reflection is made is a complex one, called schizomethod. The conclusions reached are that complex thinking serves both in the academy and outside of it, because it contributes to achieving reflective practice in subjects in the contemporary world. In this horizon, it will allow the generation of a society that is concerned about the politics, ethics and aesthetics of its realities, a fact that resists the individualism that contemporary capitalism tries to generate.

Discrimination in the employment of LGBTI+ people in México.

José Armando Ramírez Hernández — 2024-12-30

In Mexico, the sexual diversity represented by the LGBTI+ community represents a significant segment of the population. Regarding the indicators reported by the entities of the Mexican state itself, approximately 30% of said population has suffered discrimination in employment due to their sexual orientation or gender identity. First of all, the Mexican constitutional text prohibits any act of discrimination motivated by sexual orientation or gender. and secondly, labor legislation establishes as the right of workers to enjoy a decent job, which should be understood as one that is free of discriminatory acts, and in which the right to safety is fully enjoyed. . social, for which national legislation has legal instruments such as precautionary measures decreed by labor courts for cases in which a worker claims to have been dismissed due to his or her sexual orientation or gender identity.

Current diversity in our classrooms

Paulina Alejandra González Valdes — 2024-12-30

Diversity according to the RAE is understood as a variety of things, cultures or people, which leads us to our current society, where cultural diversity shows us a new approach to life, routine and change. Emerging the opportunity to enrich our cognitive, social and emotional knowledge, which prepares us for future life, remembering that in early childhood is where our cognitive, social and emotional development plays a fundamental role for the foundations of our future as a society and taking advantage of these new opportunities for inclusion in diversity is nothing more than strengthening our learning, leaving behind the monotonous and traditional learning of a single culture. For this it is necessary to strengthen diversity, including in the teaching-learning process each culture present in our environment, since this allows us to reduce social exclusion, discrimination, lack of empathy and understanding for the other.

Towards a holistic definition of development and poverty

Jorge A. Rodríguez Soto — 2024-12-30

The definition of development and poverty is complex and broad, as there are many aspects and specifications. Despite this, the nature of the study of development is comprehensive, as a transversal process to all social and life dimensions. This calls for a broader and holistic interpretation of the phenomena of development, the paper proposes ways in which this can be achieved. To fulfill the task, the focus on human life and its specificity, of the Latin American liberation thought, is taken as axis; combined with the framework of the capabilities approach to development as an apparatus of operationalization. In addition, it shows how the public policy and the development process must be inextricably linked to the praxis of liberation, if authentic development is desired. Only with this bond can the trans-formation of the system and its structures be achieved in an inclusive manner, respecting human life in its various forms and specifications.

The inhabited “deserts”. Local communities and lithium in Catamarca, Argentina

Luciano Martín Mantiñán — 2024-12-30

There is a certain association that can be drawn between the discourses and imaginaries that founded the historical episode that we know as "The desert campaign", in the second half of the nineteenth century and in the territory that includes the current Argentine territory, and certain discourses and imaginaries that promote the exploitation of lithium in our days in this same country. This association is proposed based on some statements referred to in a national university at the beginning of 2023 in the framework of a discussion in relation to the issue of lithium in the province of Catamarca (Argentina). From there, this article aims to review the current situation of this province in relation to this issue and the positions taken in relation to it by local communities. Although the issue of lithium and its repercussions on local populations have already been studied in previous works, they addressed the problem in the provinces of Salta and Jujuy, in northern Argentina. What is presented on this occasion means some first reflections based on anthropological fieldwork begun this year in the aforementioned province of Catamarca in northwestern Argentina, specifically, in the Fiambalá valley region.

Improving Triage in Emergency Rooms: Case Study on the Implementation of ESI at Clínica de Salud

Paulina Del Pilar Bravo Huentemil — 2024-12-30

The Emergency Unit at Clínica Salud plays an essential role in community health care. However, the current categorization system has shown limitations in guaranteeing timely and effective care. This study aims to implement a new categorization system based on the Emergency Severity Index (ESI), in order to optimize workflows, improve the use of resources and increase patient satisfaction, improve the use of resources and increase patient satisfaction. During 2021, data collection was carried out to evaluate critical processes and identify bottlenecks in the current system. A series of workshops and technical tables were held with the main actors involved, including medical and nursing personnel. The results showed a significant reduction in waiting times, an increase in the number of patients served, and improvements in satisfaction rates. Likewise, the new model allowed better categorization of patients, ensuring faster care.

Relationship between parental involvement and substance use in adolescents

Wilson Eladio Contreras Mora — 2024-12-30

This study analyzes the relationship between parental involvement and substance use in adolescents from the Enrique Salinas Buscovich school in Chillán, Chile. Using a qualitative approach with a phenomenological design, semi-structured interviews were conducted with eight high school students and their parents, complemented by the application of the Positive Parenting Scale (E2P). The results reveal a significant correlation between the low level of parental involvement and the consumption of substances such as alcohol, tobacco and marijuana. It was identified that adolescents who perceive greater supervision and emotional support have lower rates of consumption, while those with less involved parents show a greater predisposition to experiment with drugs. The study highlights the importance of strengthening parental skills, especially those linked to communication and emotional connection, as key tools for the prevention of risk behaviors in adolescence. It is recommended to implement family and community intervention programs aimed at developing parenting skills and promoting protective environments, thus contributing to the reduction of substance use in school and family contexts.

Chile leaned its vote towards preserving the 30-year-old neoliberal system. ¿Why did the 'no' vote win on September 4th, 2022

Juan Francisco Acosta Santivañez — 2024-12-30

Since October 2019 until the present, Chile has undergone a series of significant changes. Protests led to the calling of a constitutional convention, but the process was marked by divisions and ideological biases. The September 2022 referendum revealed a shift in public opinion from supporting constitutional amendments to rejecting them, influenced by fear-mongering campaigns and the perception that the proposal didn't address real needs. Gabriel Boric's government faced challenges, focusing on the constitutional process at the expense of economic and social concerns, which increased disapproval. This period underscored the need for more agreements and progressive reforms to enhance quality of life, raising questions about the effectiveness of the process.

Struggle and resistance: Cultural conceptions of activism by a group of people who are members of a social movement, Temacapulín, Jalisco, Mexico

Elvia Susana Delgado Rodríguez — 2024-12-30

The objective of this research was to analyze the cultural conceptions around activism that social fighters of different generations from Temacapulín Jalisco, Mexico have and who participated in the defense of their territory against the threat of dispossession and flooding due to the El Zapotillo mega water project for 17 years. Methodology: a study was carried out based on cultural anthropology and cultural domains with 18 activists from Temacapulín; The pile sorte technique was used. A quantitative analysis was carried out to identify the degree of similarity and generate a dendrogram, in order to identify the most significant emerging categories in a second stage of qualitative analysis. Results: it was observed that the cultural domains have a high consensus among the habitants regardless of their current ages, which range between 12 years and 86 years. The most important categories are related to the roots in their place, their heritage, their lands and their identity (religious) elements. The water as an object of right and enjoyment, but also as the cause of the dispute. The State as a perpetrator for several years and as a conciliator currently. The struggle as a long, exhaustive, painful process with a lot of suffering that they perceive will end with the justice plan for damages reparation.

Individual factors motivating women to choose STEM careers: a study in higher education institutions in western El Salvador

Glenda Yamileth Trejo-Magaña — 2024-12-30

Access to higher education is essential for social justice and the prosperity of a nation. Although progress has been made in the past decade to increase educational access for both men and women, a gender gap in career choices persists. Gender stereotypes that view women as more empathetic and men as more adept in mathematics obscure the diversity of human nature. Gender influences career preferences and decisions, often without questioning the numerical inequality in fields where women are a minority. Social pressures and family expectations can lead to choices that align with traditional gender roles. In higher education, these stereotypes can limit career options and decisions. To address this issue, a descriptive quantitative study was conducted. The sample included women in STEM fields from universities in western El Salvador. Most participants were motivated by employability and involvement in projects, highlighting high salaries and societal improvement. Attraction to studies and teamwork were also motivating factors. Participation in STEM activities during their education was limited, with some differences across disciplines. Although most participants did not recognize having experienced gender discrimination, a significant percentage reported sexist comments, lack of recognition and advancement opportunities, and situations of being undervalued due to their gender. This may be due to the normalization of such behaviors in our culture. These findings underscore the importance of promoting an equitable environment and the need for inclusive policies in STEM fields. The results provide valuable information for strategies to recruit and retain women in these fields and to promote gender equality.

Cultural diversity towards the clash of civilizations

Cristian Alberto López Rodríguez — 2024-12-30

Through the review of the work "The Clash of Civilizations and the “The Clash of Civilizations and the Remaking of World Order" by Samuel Huntington published 1996, it is intended to develop the positions embodied in this one, in order to give preponderance to the phenomenon of globalization; emphasizing that it is relevant to take up Huntington's contributions in the global context where the interaction of different cultural traits predominates. In view of the fact that these cultural traits, such as religion, in certain political and ideological contexts, promote the proliferation of hateful behavior among human beings and moral and religious values are adopted as a justification for the violation of the human rights of both migrants and inhabitants of related States, framing itself in a global problem in the potentiation of nationalist sentiments equated with the cultural value of a people in the achievement of armed conflicts.